The article deals with the formation of generalising concepts “type” and “kind”
(biological) used in natural science. It is noted that the formation of these concepts contributed to the exit from the descriptive state in the analysis of the natural world. The author singles out theoretical and methodological provisions that determined the development of ideas about the natural essences of existence, including metamorphosis, organicism, and integrity, which inSuenced the formation of taxonomic units of natural science. The author also studies concrete historical materials (studies by J. Cuvier, J. W. von Goethe, C. Lyell, etc.), which con̐rm the methodological characteristics of the concepts under consideration.
Key words: wholness, type, kind (biological), organicism, classi̐cation, morphology,
natural universe.
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