Abstract. The article examines the internally consistent logic of the development of philo-
sophical thought in connection with key events in world history that radically change the place of man in the world. Proceeding from the paradigm of maturation of a social subject, laid down in the Axial Age through reflexive understanding of accumulated social experience and formation of self-consciousness, the continuity of qualitative upheavals in the history of culture is revealed: from the Socratic Revolution through the Renaissance to Kant’s one, whose critical removal generates awareness of the projective strategy of human life, carried out by N. F. Fedorov – the recognised founder of the philosophy of Russian cosmism. The substantiation of the relevance of the Supramoralism project is given in connection with the need to resolve the apocalyptic alternative to modernity.
Keywords: Axial Age, self-consciousness, Socratic Revolution, Copernican Revolution, industrial revolution, space-time, infinity and eternity, freedom and responsibility, project, types of worldview, mechanicism, organicism, cosmism
