Abstract. The article examines the reflection of the individual human self as an interaction of the moral consciousness of the individual and the bodily nature of man in the context of the anthropological turn and the Russian and European existentialism, personalism and dialogism of the 19th–20th centuries. The author substantiates the significance, firstly, of the moral consciousness of the individual in the reflection and formation of the individual self in the history of European philosophy, and secondly, the anthropological turn in the formation of the strong and mature individual human self. The anthropological turn is interpreted as a transition of metaphysics into anthropology in the vein of Heidegger’s philosophy. This transition means that philosophy is structured upon the basis of natural sciences and psychology, the human self and its reflection lose the ontological character, and the self becomes individual and substantial and obtains a dialogical intention.

Keywords: anthropological turn, personality, moral consciousness, super-ego, bodily nature of a person, individuation, reflection of the individual human self, existential, personalism, dialogism