This paper examines the complex path of establishing a conductor’s occupation in Russia, starting from the origins to the offi cial approval of the profession. The paper describes the evolution of the profession of choral conductor – from the master of a church choir to a secular choral conductor, as well as the process of forming the Russian national school of orchestral conducting, including the activity of A. G. and N. G. Rubinstein brothers, and M. A. Balakirev. The authors highlight the creative work of the “Choromina Comedy Theater”, which marked the establishment of orchestral
performance
Keywords: conducting, znamenny chant, golovshchik (choir master), concert of old
Russian polyphonic choral music (partesny concert), Rubinstein brothers, M. A. Balakirev, E. F. Napravnik, opera companies, symphony orchestra.
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