A. I. Izvekov
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25807/PBH.22224378.2020.10.10.17
Spiritual freedom as a result of the crisis of European culture at the turn of the 20th century became one of the factors in the existence of modern culture. Nietzsche’s words about the death of God seemed to be a symptom of a catastrophe of not only theological, but any other sense of human. The Frankfurt School, albeit indirectly, formulated the idea of freedom to independently decide the question of one’s purpose in being. This right is inalienable from an individual’s acceptance of responsibility for it. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, the “painful syndrome” of freedom is intensifying: an unconscious abdication of responsibility turns into a massive replacement of existential beliefs with pragmatic ones. This circumstance provokes a modern round of the cultural crisis, which is reꥢected in many social institutions already on a global scale.
Key words: theology, culture crisis, personality, intellectual freedom, responsibility,
postmaterialism.
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