Based on a signifi cant number of documents from the state archives of Kaluga,
Smolensk, Bryansk, Tver areas, the Federal Security Service (UFSB) archives,
and also the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History RGASPI, the
considerable part of which is fi rstly allowed for research, the paper analyzed
social composition and motivation of employees of different ranks in the hierarchy
of the civil collaborationist authorities of the West Russian village in the period of
the Hitlerite occupation. The conclusion is drawn on a considerable diversity of
the social complexion of collaborators who were part of the civil collaborationist
authorities, a variety of collaborators’ motivation depending on their rank; how
their motivation changed throughout the occupation. For instance, the leading
motives of headmen and foremen, who were generally natives of peasants and
rural intellectuals, were political disorientation, unwillingness of collective-farm
orders, aspiration situationally to adapt their life to the conditions of a “new
order»; whereas for a relatively small quantity of those who held higher positions
in the civil and the collaborationist hierarchy, who were often educated people
who had administrative experience and abilities, their choice of the party in war
was conscious; they strongly connected this choice with the further destiny.
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