The paper analyzes medieval statements in terms of communi-
cation diffi culties experienced by Russian ambassadors when
establishing diplomatic relations with East Asia’s countries. As
a result of the analysis the author draws a conclusion that the
communication diffi culties are caused not only by signifi cant
differences in etiquette norms, traditions and religious beliefs of
negotiators, but by the fact that Russia and countries of Russian
embassies were dominated by medieval views about the priority
of rituals over the content at formal ceremonies.
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